If the context of your quote might be unclear, you may add a few words to provide clarity. Enclose the added material in brackets.
Quotation marks may additionally be used to indicate words used ironically or with some reservation. Do not use quotation marks for words used as words themselves. In this case, you should use italics. General Writing Punctuation Quotation Marks. Extended Rules for Using Quotation Marks Summary: A rundown of the general rules of when and where to use quotation marks. Original Quote: The quarterback told the reporter, "It's quite simple. If you cannot track down or get access to the original work, then you may use an indirect quote.
You would include the secondary source, rather than the original, in your list of references. Quote from Jones : Sipher states, "schools have failed their primary duty of education.
Indirect Quote: According to Sipher , "schools have failed their primary duty of education" as cited in Jones, , p. Indirect Quote: Some scholars believe that "schools have failed their primary duty of education" Sipher, , as cited in Jones, , p. It looks like you're using Internet Explorer 11 or older.
This website works best with modern browsers such as the latest versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. If you continue with this browser, you may see unexpected results. Citing Sources in Text Citing sources in text can be one of the most confusing aspects of citation.
Guide to In-Text Citation Source: www. Paraphrasing Whenever you include ideas that were not originally your own, even if you do not quote your source directly, you need to include the proper citation within the text.
Some examples are included below: Example: Sipher concludes his essay by insisting that schools have failed to fulfill their primary duty of education because they try to fill multiple social functions. Short Quotations When a direct quotation is used, always include the author, year and page number as part of the citation.
Long Quotations block quotes Place direct quotations longer than 40 words in a free-standing block of typewritten lines, and omit quotation marks. Example: Jones' study found the following: The "placebo effect," which had been verified in previous studies, disappeared when behaviors were studies in this manner. Indirect Quotes When reading an article or book, you will see where the author has quoted someone else's work.
Ask a Librarian! HPU Libraries. Maintain double-spacing throughout, but do not add an extra blank line before or after it. The parenthetical citation should come after the closing punctuation mark. Because block quotation formatting is difficult for us to replicate in the OWL's content management system, we have simply provided a screenshot of a generic example below. Direct quotations from sources that do not contain pages should not reference a page number. Instead, you may reference another logical identifying element: a paragraph, a chapter number, a section number, a table number, or something else.
Older works like religious texts can also incorporate special location identifiers like verse numbers. In short: pick a substitute for page numbers that makes sense for your source. If you are paraphrasing an idea from another work, you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication in your in-text reference and may omit the page numbers.
APA guidelines, however, do encourage including a page range for a summary or paraphrase when it will help the reader find the information in a longer work.
If you refer to the title of a source within your paper, capitalize all words that are four letters long or greater within the title of a source: Permanence and Change. When capitalizing titles, capitalize both words in a hyphenated compound word: Natural-Born Cyborgs. If the title of the work is not italicized in your reference list, use double quotation marks and title case capitalization even though the reference list uses sentence case : "Multimedia Narration: Constructing Possible Worlds;" "The One Where Chandler Can't Cry.
According to Jones , "students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time" p.
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