In at the age of 25, she married John Tubman, a free African American who did not share her dream. Since she was a slave, she knew there could be a chance that she could be sold and her marriage would be split apart. Harriet dreamed of traveling north. There, she would be free and would not have to worry about having her marriage split up by the slave trade.
But, John did not want her to go north. He said he was fine where he was and that there was no reason for moving north. She said she would go by herself. He replied with questions like "When it's nighttime, how will you know which way is north?
She did not believe him until she saw his face and then she knew he meant it. Her goal to achieve freedom was too large for her to give up though. So in she left her husband and escaped to Philadelphia in Harriet was given a piece of paper by a white abolitionist neighbor with two names, and told how to find the first house on her path to freedom. At the first house she was put into a wagon, covered with a sack, and driven to her next destination.
She then hitched a ride with a woman and her husband who were passing by. They were abolitionists and took her to Philadelphia. Here, Harriet got a job where she saved her pay to help free slaves. She also met William Still. Still was one of the Underground Railroad's busiest "station masters. It is said that Henry "Box" Brown, a slave, had himself nailed in a wooden box and mailed by real train from Richmond to William Still in Philadelphia.
He used these talents to interview runaway slaves and record their names and stories in a book. He hoped that in the future, family's could trace their relations using this book. Still published the book in under the title The Underground Railroad where describes many of Tubman's efforts. It is still published today. With the assistance of Still, and other members of the Philadelphia Anti-Slavery Society, she learned about the workings of the Underground Railroad click for details.
In , Harriet helped her first slaves escape to the North. She sent a message to her sister's oldest son that said for her sister and family to board a fishing boat in Cambridge. When they got to Bodkin's Point, Harriet guided them from safehouse to safehouse in Pennsylvania which was a free state until they reached Philadelphia. This meant that she knew all the routes to free territory and she had to take an oath of silence so the secret of the Underground Railroad would be kept secret.
She also made a second trip to the South to rescue her brother James and other friends. They were already in the process of running away so Harriet aided them across a river and to the home of Thomas Garret.
He was the most famous Underground "Stationmaster" in history. Around this time the Fugitive Slave Act was passed. It stipulated that it was illegal for any citizen to assist an escaped slave and demanded that if an escaped slave was sighted, he or she should be apprehended and turned in to the authorities for deportation back to the "rightful" owner down south. Thus the Underground Railroad tighten security.
It created a code to make things more secret. It also sent the escaping slaves into Canada instead of the "North" of the U. Harriet's third trip was in September She went to get her husband, John, but he had remarried and did not want to leave. So she went back up North. Harriet went to Garret's house and found there were more runaways which were referred to as passengers to rescue than anticipated.
That did not stop her though. She gave a baby a sedative so he would not cry and took the passengers into Pennsylvania. The trip was long and cold but they did reach the safe house of Frederick Douglas. He kept them until he had collected enough money to get them to Canada. He recieved the money so she and her eleven passengers started the journey to Canada. To get into Canada, they had to cross over Niagara Falls on a handmade suspension bridge which would take them into the city of St.
Catherine, Ontario in Canada. In St. Catherine, blacks and whites lived together in comfortable houses and they had their own land to farm and raise crops. Catherines remained her base of operations until In the winter of , Tubman was ready to return to the U. In the spring, she worked in Cape May and saved enough money to go to Maryland.
By now, Tubman had led so many people from the South - the slave's called this the "land of Egypt" - to freedom, she became known as "Moses.
Tubman made eleven trips from Maryland to Canada from Her most famous trip concerned a passenger who panicked and wanted to turn back. Tubman was afraid if he left he would be tortured and would tell all he knew about the Railroad.
The unwilling passenger changed his mind when Tubman pointed a gun at his head and said "dead folks tell no tales. On the road between Syracuse and Rochester, were a number of sympathetic Quakers and other abolitionists settled at Auburn. Seward and known for Seward's folly. Sometime in the mids, Tubman met Seward and his wife Frances. Seward provided a home for Tubman's favorite niece, Margaret, after Tubman helped her to escape from Maryland.
In , the Sewards provided a home for Tubman, to which she relocated her parents from St. This home was later sold to her for a small sum, and became her base of operations when she was not on the road aiding fugitives from slavery, and speaking in support of the cause. The spring of was the time when Harriet set out on her most daring rescue to free her elderly father, Ben Ross.
Tubman bought a train ticket for herself and traveled in broad daylight which was dangerous considering the bounty for her head. When she reached Caroline County, she bought a horse and some miscellaneous parts to make a buggy. She took this and her father and mother to Thomas Garrett who arranged for their passage to Canada.
She testified to this date in a pension application in when she claimed she was 67 and in […]. Read More. Tubman was weak and frail in her however she became a strong woman, at five foot tall, she was even stronger than some men. Hard labor at a young age made her mind resilient and her body strong. She was hired by a man named John Steward. His father and some of her siblings were […].
Minty heard rumors that she and her brothers were going to be sold. Harriet Tubman is the most widely recognized symbol of the. When on September 17, , Tubman was aided by members of the Underground Railroad. To her, freedom felt empty unless she could share it with people she loved so she resolved to go back and rescue friends and family. The s saw a deeper divide between north and south. Middle class whites in the north started to sympathize with the plight of slaves and a growing number of abolitionists condemned the institution of slavery.
As a Union spy and scout, Tubman often transformed herself into an aging woman. She would wander the streets under Confederate control and learn from the enslaved population about Confederate troop placements and supply lines. Tubman helped many of these individuals find food, shelter, and even jobs in the North. She also became a respected guerrilla operative. As a nurse , Tubman dispensed herbal remedies to black and white soldiers dying from infection and disease.
She married a Union soldier Nelson Davis, also born into slavery, who was more than twenty years her junior. Residing in Auburn, New York, she cared for the elderly in her home and in , the Davises adopted a daughter. In , she established the Harriet Tubman Home for the Aged on land near her home.
MLA - Michals, Debra. National Women's History Museum, Date accessed. Chicago - Michals, Debra. National Geographic. Bradford, Sarah, H. Scenes in the Life of Harriet Tubman.
In Auburn, NY circa Thompson, a successful planter and businessman, enslaved more than forty African Americans during his lifetime.
Thompson remained in that role until Brodess reached the age of twenty-one in , the legal age at which Edward could claim independence and his rights to his inheritance, which included Rit and her children. The dangers inherent in leaving such young children alone to fend for themselves was just one of the many daily threats and injustices endured by enslaved families.
Tubman said that she spent little time living with Brodess; he often hired her out to temporary masters, some of whom who were cruel and negligent. She recalled being whipped daily as a very young child by an exacting mistress, who left scars still visible eighty years later. She was also forced to labor in icy cold winter waters setting muskrat traps. This work made her so weak and sick that she was repeatedly returned to Brodess as useless.
Once restored to health by her mother, Tubman would be hired out again and again. These separations from her family exacted a heavy toll on her, and she suffered intense loneliness and fear throughout her childhood.
Linah and Soph were both forced to leave young children behind. At this time, the Eastern Shore of Maryland was experiencing a significant agricultural and economic decline.
The invention of the cotton gin in drove rapid expansion into the Deep South and southwest territories during the early part of the nineteenth century, as farmers rushed to clear and develop land for cotton production.
The cultivation and harvesting of cotton required a large labor force, and the demand for enslaved labor to work these vast cotton plantations grew rapidly. The trans-Atlantic slave trade from Africa to North America had been declared illegal in , leaving intra-regional slave trading as the only legal option for expanding southern agricultural interests desperate for labor. On the Eastern Shore, the transformation from tobacco production, which required a large full time labor force, to one of grain production, which required less labor-intensive work, created a surplus of enslaved labor.
Slave owners throughout the Chesapeake region found a ready market for their enslaved people, and thousands from the Eastern Shore were torn from their families and sold to work in the cotton and agricultural fields of the Deep South. Brodess turned the proceeds from their sales into land purchases to expand his own Bucktown farm. It was late fall, sometime between and , when Tubman was nearly killed by a blow to her head from an iron weight, thrown by an angry overseer at another fleeing slave.
Tubman had been hired out as a field hand to a neighboring farmer, and one evening she was called to accompany the plantation cook to the local dry goods store to purchase items for the kitchen. When they arrived at the store, Tubman attempted to block the path of the overseer who was in pursuit of a defiant slave boy. The overseer picked up a weight from the store counter and threw it, intending to fell the fleeing young man, but it struck Tubman with such crushing force that it fractured her skull and drove fragments of her shawl into her head.
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