Salmonella strains sometimes cause infection in urine, blood, bones, joints, or the nervous system spinal fluid and brain , and can cause severe disease. Although more than 2, serotypes have been described, fewer than are known to cause human infections. Most people recover from Salmonella infection within four to seven days without antibiotics. People who are sick with a Salmonella infection should drink extra fluids as long as diarrhea lasts.
Some people with Salmonella infection develop pain in their joints, called reactive arthritis, after the infection has ended. Reactive arthritis can last for months or years and can be difficult to treat. Some people with reactive arthritis develop irritation of the eyes and pain when urinating. Salmonella live in the intestines of people and animals. People can get Salmonella infection from a variety of sources, including.
Resistance to essential antibiotics is increasing in Salmonella , which can limit treatment options for people with severe infections. One way to slow down the development of antibiotic resistance is by appropriate use of antibiotics.
Appropriate use of antibiotics in people and animals use only when needed and exactly as prescribed can help prevent antibiotic resistance and the spread of resistant bacteria.
CDC estimates Salmonella cause about 1. Sign up for RSS Feed. Salmonella infection usually isn't life-threatening. However, in certain people — especially infants and young children, older adults, transplant recipients, pregnant women, and people with weakened immune systems — the development of complications can be dangerous. If you can't drink enough to replace the fluid you're losing from persistent diarrhea, you may become dehydrated.
Warning signs include:. If salmonella infection enters your bloodstream bacteremia , it can infect tissues throughout your body, including:.
People who have had salmonella are at higher risk of developing reactive arthritis. Also known as Reiter's syndrome, reactive arthritis typically causes:. The Department of Agriculture has created a Salmonella Action Plan, which involves updating the poultry slaughter inspection system and enhancing sampling and testing programs for poultry and meat. The plan's purpose is to cut the number of salmonella infections in the United States. You can also take care to avoid spreading bacteria to others.
Preventive methods are especially important when preparing food or providing care for infants, older adults and people with weakened immune systems. Be sure to cook food thoroughly and refrigerate or freeze food promptly. Washing your hands thoroughly can help prevent the transfer of salmonella bacteria to your mouth or to any food you're preparing. Wash your hands after you:. Cookie dough, homemade ice cream and eggnog all contain raw eggs.
If you must consume raw eggs, make sure they've been pasteurized. Salmonella bacteria love wet environments shielded from the sun. They have the remarkable ability to survive under adverse conditions. Salmonella are facultative anaerobic bacteria that can survive under low oxygen tension such as in manure slurry pits.
Salmonella are known to survive for long periods in soil and in water. Salmonellae spread onto fields in the form of manure may survive for long periods; it is best to spread the manure onto flat land to prevent runoff problems where it is exposed to the drying effects of wind, and to the bactericidal effect of UV irradiation from the sun; manure should be spread onto cropland rather than onto pastures for grazing.
There has been much recent investigation into the advantages of different manure disposal methods; composting has many advantages from the standpoint of controlling disease. Salmonellae are no more or less sensitive to the effects of commonly used disinfectants than are other fecal bacteria. Chlorine solutions, iodines, quaternary ammoniums, phenolics, etc. Many strains are relatively resistant to the effects of drying, salting and smoking of foods.
However, salmonellae are very sensitive to beta and gamma irradiation. The duration of symptoms is also dependent on host factors, dose ingested and type of salmonellae. Those at extremes of age the young because their immune systems are immature as is their bacterial flora in their gastrointestinal tract, both of which are protective; and the aged because their immune systems are waning or declining ;. For every case of Salmonella illness confirmed by laboratory tests, almost 30 other cases are not reported.
CDC estimates that Salmonella cause more than 1 million foodborne illnesses in the United States every year. You can get a Salmonella infection from a variety of foods , including chicken, turkey, beef, pork, eggs, fruits, sprouts, other vegetables, and even processed foods, such as nut butters, frozen pot pies, chicken nuggets, and stuffed chicken entrees.
Some recent Salmonella outbreaks that sickened people in many states were linked to chicken, ground turkey, ground beef, raw tuna, mushrooms, onions, peaches, papayas, cut fruits, cashew brie, and tahini. The bacteria also spread through contaminated water, the environment, other people, and animals. Even pets and animals you might come into contact with at petting zoos, farms, fairs , and schools and daycares can carry Salmonella and other harmful germs.
Get tips to help you stay safe around feathery, furry, and scaly friends. Certain people are more likely to get a serious Salmonella infection. These people include children who are younger than 5, adults who are 65 and older, and people whose immune systems are weakened from certain medical conditions such as diabetes, liver or kidney disease, and cancer or their treatments.
Salmonella illness can be serious. Symptoms usually start 6 hours to 6 days after infection. They include diarrhea that can be bloody, fever, and stomach cramps. Most people recover within 4 to 7 days without antibiotic treatment.
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